Back Francesco di Giorgio Martini

A genius at court
Francesco di Giorgio Martini, (Siena, 1439 - Siena, 29 November 1501) was essentially an "engineer", a term which, in the Renaissance, identified a skilled technician and a humanist who employed, if necessary, the clothes of the inventor and the treatise writer.

Despite his quality as a painter and sculptor and his inventive knowledge in the design of war machines, Francesco di Giorgio is remembered above all for his skills as an architect, qualities that were at the service of the Duke of Urbino Federico da Montefeltro. Thanks to this partnership Francesco di Giorgio left marvelous achievements of civil, religious and military architecture in the Marche region.

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Level of difficulty: media
Target: Leisure

The stages of the itinerary

  • Monte Cerignone
    0541978522
    The stage includes the following destinations: Monte Cerignone

    Monte Cerignone is located at the beginning of the upper valley of the River Conca, it’s dramatically perched on a rocky spur which juts out unexpectedly into valley from the slopes of Monte Faggiola.

    The village is made up of a small old centre near the river and of a castle which has been built above it on an outcrop of tufa stone. The castle is worth visiting due to the typical paved narrow paths taking you to the old castle, which was built in the 12th century by the dukes of Montefeltro and partly remade by Francesco di Giorgio Martini at the end of the 14th century.

    The Church of San Caterina was built by knights of the Order of Malta, while Santa Maria del Soccorso is worth visiting to see the early painting of "The Madonna Enthroned" and also two paintings attributed to Bartolomeo Vivarini. The painting of "Ecce Homo" in the church of San Biagio is also by Vivarini.

    Climbing up through sharp bends to Monte Faggiola, you can reach the Sanctuario di Santa Maria in Recluso, built on a cliff using materials from an ancient temple dedicated to Juno. Another road from the piazza leads through fields and meadows, passing though a woodland planted with Adriatic oaks and a tourist village at Santa Rita before arriving in Villagrande di Montecopiolo.

    Not to be missed is the historical re-enactment Mons Cerignonis which takes place every year in July in the old castle.
  • Monte Cerignone - The Fortress
    0541 978522 (Comune)
    The stage includes the following destinations: La Rocca

    Montecerignone was an important place already during the Malatesta period. After the defeat of the Malatesta family in 1464, the fortress was conquered by the Montefeltro family.  The Fortress is located over the castle and arranged on three floors. The basement consists of a large hall with barrel vault, made of bricks and terracotta paving. The first floor is accessible through an internal or external stone staircase. From the loggia, it is possible to reach the conference room covered by cross vaults. The hanging garden is topped by the statue of Uguccione della Faggiola. The main floor includes a conference hall, illuminated by Renaissance windows during the day, and visitors can enjoy an impressive view of the Mount Carpegna, Begni Square and the Valley of the Conca River. The Fortress of Montecerignone can be rented for different types of events.

  • Sassocorvaro
    Reflected in the waters of the artificial lake of Mercatale and from its hilltop position, the town of Sassocorvaro dominates the Foglia Valley. The town
    extends along the side of the hill from where it is possible to admire the splendid panorama of Montefeltro, here surrounded by the gentle hills typical of The Marche inland territory.

    Of notable interest is the mighty XV Century “Rocca Ubaldinesca” designed by Francesco di Giorgio Martini and designated National monument. The interior of this castle, amazing example of military architecture, houses a perfectly preserved small theatre and an art gallery. The castle was used during the Second World War as a secret storage place for some most important Italian works of art, hidden there to prevent them from being plundered by the retreating Germans. For a number of years now, this event has been remembered through an initiative called "L'Arca dell'Arte", which honours the modern-day saviours of major works that would otherwise have been lost forever. Worthy of note is also the XVIII Century Palazzo Battelli.
  • Sassocorvaro - Ubaldinesca Fortress
    0722.76177
    The stage includes the following destinations: Rocca Ubaldinesca

    The Ubaldinesca Fortress is an impressive masterpiece of the 15th-century military architecture by Giorgio Martini. The fortress is made of stones and bricks, strongly banked in order to make the attacks difficult. The fortress hosts the Pasquale Rotondi Award, who moved 10,000 Italian art masterpieces into the building to preserve them during the Second World War.

  • Urbino, UNESCO city and Raffaello's birthplace
    0722.3091
    The stage includes the following destinations: Urbino città UNESCO e patria di Raffaello

    Urbino is situated between the valleys of the Metauro and Foglia rivers. Its historic centre now boasts the honour of being included in the UNESCO list of World Heritage Sites. It is  birthplace of two great artists, Bramante and Raphael, and it is home to one of the oldest and most important universities in Europe, founded in 1506. For the second half of the 15th century its windy hill was the setting for one of the most illustrious courts in Europe. Duke Federico da Montefeltro gathered around him the greatest painters, poets and scholars of his day and housed them in one of Italy's most beautiful Renaissance palaces, a palace that still stands as an eloquent memorial to this quintessential Renaissance man.
    The Palazzo Ducale is a splendid late XV century residence, one of Italy's most beautiful Renaissance palaces, defined as "a city in the form of a palace", by humanist Baldesar. It was built by Luciano Laurana (1464-1472), who designed and carried out the main part of the building, like the Torricini façade, the Cortile D'Onore and the monumental series of steps. Francesco di Giorgio Martini, who built the most important fortresses in the Montefeltro area, finished the works started by Laurana. None of the rooms of the palace were designed to oppress with grandeur but were built on a human scale and decorated with glad-hearted sobriety. Nowadays they house the Galleria Nazionale delle Marche - a remarkable collection of paintings including one of the world's greatest and most enigmatic images, Piero della Francesca's Flagellation of Christ. Other great pictures here are Piero's Madonna di Senigallia , Raphael's La Muta, the Silent One, an anonymous portrait of a gentlewoman who we feel might talk to us if she only wished to, and a famous vision of the Ideal City by an unknown hand and much used by art designers to illustrate books on the Renaissance. The Duke's Studiolo is the most unusual room in the palace. His tiny study is entirely decorated in exquisite trompe l'oeil inlaid woodwork panels, some based on designs by Botticelli.
    Urbino is the birthplace of Raphael, one of the most remarkable Renaissance artists. The house where he was born is now a delightful little museum. Further tourist attractions are: Oratorio S. Giovanni Battista entirely decorated in 1416 with wall-to-ceiling frescoes by the Marchegiani painters Jacopo and Lorenzo Salimbeni; Presepio or nativity scene of the Oratory of San Giuseppe by Federico Brandani; the elegant Cathedral with the nearby Albani Diocesan Museum; the Sanzio Theatre, built in the 19th century;  the rarely visited but nevertheless delightful Orto Botanico. You can't miss: the Collegio Raffaello, founded  by Pope Clement XI in the early eighteenth century, housing the town council hall, some offices of the Prefecture and the Cabinet Museum of Physics; the Albornoz Fortress, built in the second half of the fourteenth century by Cardinal Egidio Alvares de Albornoz. As you leave Urbino you can’t miss the tombs of Duke Federico and his son, Guidobaldo, in the fine church of San Bernardino. It was built in 1491 by Francesco di Giorgio Martini and stands on the hill above the junction for the Pesaro road.
    The famous local specialty is "Casciotta of Urbino", one of the region's handful of officially protected DOP regional food; is a delicate pale cheese made from both ewe and cow's milk  across Pesaro and Urbino province. Crescia of Urbino is another popular specialty; it is a sort of focaccia (italian bread), filled with wiith sausage, wild herbs, ham or cheese. The most remarkable events  taking place in Urbino during the year are: Festival of Ancient Music (July), the Festival of the Duke (August) and the Kite Festival (September).


  • URBINO - PALAZZO DUCALE (DUCAL PALACE)
    0722 2760
    The stage includes the following destinations: Palazzo Ducale
    Federico da Montefeltro, heroic captain and enlightened patron, lord of the Duchy from 1444 to 1482, wanted the realization of what is still considered to be one of the finest works of the Renaissance: the Palazzo Ducale (Ducal Palace) in Urbino. Despite the lack of documents proving the birth and development of this majestic building, it is recognized by the scholars that some of the greatest artists of the time worked for it. Among the countless workers who were employed in the construction, the names of three architects stand out: the Florentine Maso di Bartolomeo, the Dalmatian Luciano Laurana, the architect Francesco di Giorgio Martini from Siena and several decorators and artists that made the building of Urbino focal a point of the Italian Renaissance. Palazzo Ducale had different stages of development; the oldest part, (known as jJole's apartment) was built by the will of Count Guidantonio, father of Frederick. It faces with its long side of the square of the Renaissance and was the starting point for the expansion and the subsequent structure of the building.
    Luciano Laurana made the facade with its impressive turrets, the study, and numerous rooms of the main floor. Around 1474, the Sienese architect Francesco di Giorgio Martini replaced Laurana in the finalisation of unfinished parts and designed the complex waterworks, futuristic at the time. With the Sienese architect, the palace experienced its greatest time. During the sixteenth century, with the succession of the Della Rovere family to the Montefeltro family, the building underwent further expansion with the addition of the second main floor.
    The Palazzo Ducale in Urbino is home to the Galleria Nazionale delle Marche (National Art Gallery of the Marche Region).

    INFO:
    PALAZZO DUCALE
    Address: Piazza Rinascimento 13, 61029 Urbino (PU), Italy
    tel. +39 0722 322625
    Website: www.palazzoducaleurbino.it
  • Piero della Francesca - La Flagellazione (The Flagellation) - Urbino
    The Maecenas of Urbino, Duke Federico da Montefeltro extended his old Medieval mansion, turning it from a fortified castle into a palace city. The building of the Ducal Palace in Urbino, which began in 1445, were carried out by Luciano Laurana, by Francesco di Giorgio Martini and Girolamo Genga. The cultured and learned Duke Federico da Montefeltro, patron and brave leader made his palace the cradle of Italian art, calling to his court the most distinguished artists of the time: Piero della Francesca, Paolo Uccello, Melozzo da Forli, Luca Signorelli, Giusto di Gand and Pedro Berruguete, writers such as Baldassare Castiglione and Pietro Bembo and Ottaviano Fregoso, architects such as Leon Battista Alberti and Baccio Pontelli, philosophers, mathematicians such as Luca Pacioli and Paulus von Middelburg, poets such as Bernardo and Torquato Tasso and musicians like Ottaviano Petrucci from Fossombrone.

    The Flagellation of Christ by Piero della Francesca, made between 1444 and 1469, is one of the masterpieces kept in the Palazzo Ducale. The scene is set in a classical and Renaissance architecture, with a grid floor and coffered ceiling that help to give the impression of depth. In fact, the tablet - in spite of its small size - shows large exhibition spaces thanks to the masterful application of the perspective. The light comes from two different points, from left and right, and also illuminates the ceiling frame under which it is placed the Christ; the extraordinary strength of Piero's art is in his way of using colour, which in him is immediately light, with the shape, until it assumes plastic value.

    The whole scene is stopped and immobile, and this impression is accentuated by the use of a clear, diffused light that comes from angels, but it doesn’t have any religious value no longer. The composition is very balanced: to the closed left environment corresponds to the right an open environment; the men surrounding Christ match with those in the foreground who are supposed to be Cardinal Bessarione, Buonconte da Montefeltro and Giovanni Bacci, characterized by "frozen" gestures in a kind of suspended animation. The tablet was probably sent as a gift to Federico da Montefeltro to persuade him to support the crusade advocated both by Pope Pius II in 1459 and by the same Bessarione to free Constantinople from the Turks.

    This justifies the presence of the young Buonconte da Montefeltro, represented barefoot and pale, as if he was already dead. In fact the boy had died because of the plague in 1458. His sufferings are compared to those of scourged Jesus Christ, of whom he recalls the gestures and consequently even those of the Eastern Christians.
    For further information:
  • Urbino – Church and Convent of S. Bernardino
    0722 369559
    The stage includes the following destinations: Chiesa e Convento di S. Bernardino
    The Church of San Bernardino, built in the late fifteenth century, is located on the hill of San Donato, in the Cesane area, about two kilometres far from the historical centre. The construction is attributed to Donato Bramante, which is confirmed inside it by architectural typical elements of this architect. However, today, the building design would have to be attributed to Francesco di Giorgio Martini: especially outside, the church reveals the style of the architect from Siena, both in general terms and in its architectural details. It was Federico da Montefeltro who wanted this building to be designed to a ducal mausoleum, but works continued after his death (in 1482). The Duke was buried, temporarily, in the adjacent and the most ancient Church of San Donato . Inside the Church, a Latin cross and a single nave, which extends to a deep rectangular choir, built at a later time. The walls are divided into two orders by a frame on which is set a barrel vault in the choir. In the nave,  is  set a cornice bearing  an inscription dedicated to the Saint. In the vicinity of the entrance face the two baroque marble sarcophagi of Federico da Montefeltro and his son Guidobaldo. Until 1810, the church kept the beautiful Pala Montefeltro, by Piero della Francesca, then moved to Milan to the Pinacoteca of Brera (Art Gallery in Brera).

  • Urbino - Former Monastery of Santa Chiara
    0722 309602-222 (Assessorato a
    The stage includes the following destinations: Ex Monastero di Santa Chiara
    The Monastery of St. Clare is the former monastery of the Poor Clares of Urbino. It is one of the best examples of Renaissance architecture. It currently houses the Higher Institute for Artistic Industries of Urbino (ISIA). It was built in 1420 to house the Conservatory of the widows; in 1456 it underwent the rule of observance of Saint Clare by Pope Callistus III, thanks to the Duke Federico da Montefeltro III.  The convent church was changed in the sixteenth and seventeenth century under the Della Rovere family; in 1538 it  became the Ducal Mausoleum : here the Duke Francesco Maria I della Rovere, his wife Eleonora Gonzaga, his son Cardinal Giulio della Rovere, his daughter-in-law Giulia Varano and his granddaughter Eleanor or Lavinia Della Rovere were buried. In 1864 the building was confiscated by the Municipality and became an Institute for female education until 1904. After this year an hospital was established there. In the seventies the hospital was placed in an area outside Urbino, so the former monastery became the seat of the Higher Institute for Artistic Industries (ISIA).
  • Urbania - Ducal Palace
    0722/313151
    The stage includes the following destinations: Palazzo Ducale

    In Urbania, there was a fortified complex (fortress-residence) built by the Brancaleone family and located along the Metano River. After throwing away the Brancaleone family, Federico da Montefeltro undertook restoration work of the entire building, changing it into a Ducal Palace by Francesco di Giorgio Martini. Later, the building was restored many times by Gerolamo Genga and it was the favourite seat of the last Duke of Urbino Francesco Maria II Della Rovere. Nowadays, the two rooms and the hall host the art and book collection of the Municipal Library and the Civic Art Gallery and Museum, the Municipal Archive and the history of agriculture and craft Museum.  

  • Cagli - The Fortress
    0721 780731 (Uff Cultura); Iat
    The stage includes the following destinations: Rocca e Torrione

    The Cagli Fortress was built by Francesco di Giorgio in 1481 at the behest of Federico II of Urbino and destroyed in 1502 by his son Guidobaldo so that the Duke of Valentinois Cesare Borgia, could not take possession of the fortress. Originally, it has a diamond shape with circular towers along the perimeter and a high keep; nowadays the Fortress has an elliptic shape with tower, trapdoors. In the past, the fortress was located on the Cappuccini Hill in order to protect the town, also thanks to an underground tunnel “Soccorso coverto”, recently restored whick linked the buildings. The Keep is the only building still intact and it is the seat of the contemporary sculpture Centre by Eliseo Mattiacci.

  • Fossombrone
    0721 7231; 0721 723263
    The stage includes the following destinations: Fossombrone
    Fossombrone, once the Roman settlement of Forum Sempronii, looks splendid from afar on the slopes of the Metauro Valley. Named after the plebeian tribune Gaius Sempronius Gracco who built the forum between 133 and 126 BC, the town was laid out on a grid-like plan which ran parallel with the Flaminian Way. Excavations have brought to light the remains of a domus, or family house, with thermal heating system, and a long stretch of basalt paving running parallel to the Flaminian Way.

    ATTRACTIONS: The most remarkable religious sites include: the Church of St. Philip, the fourteenth-century Church of St. Augustine, the Church of San Francesco and the Cathedral with its neoclassical facade. Church towers and the upper storeys of larger noble palaces peep out through the terracotta roofs of the town's terraced streets, while above it stands the 15th Century Corte Alta Palace, now home of Art Gallery the Civic Museum, housing prehistoric finds and a large collection of finds dating back to Roman Forum Sempronii; must see attractions are also the sixteenth-century Palazzo Cattabeni and Palazzo Dedi. In the fortified citadel that dominates the city are the remains of the pentagonal Malatesta fortress, whose courtyard boasts the Church of S. Aldebrando. Along Via Pergamino -  in the direction of Urbino -  is the Palazzo Pergamini - Negri, which houses the  Quadreria Cesarini, containing over 60 paintings and graphic works made by Anselmo Bucci, as well as works of modern and contemporary art. Safely locked up on the edge of the town is one of Italy's most secure prisons.

    The most typical delicacies of Fossomobrone are the " Ciambella di Pasqua" (Easter ring-shaped cake), "coniglio in porchetta" (rabbit stuffed with wild fennel) and "crescia sfojata" ( stuffed flat bread). In March there is the "Fair of Bianchetto Truffle"; in May there's the Renaissance Festival  "Triumph of the Carnival".
  • Fossombrone - Fortress
    0721 7231 (Comune)
    The stage includes the following destinations: Rocca Malatestiana

    The Fossombrone Fortress is located on the St. Aldebrando Hill and it was one of the buildings of the Duchy of Urbino to protect the Metauro Valley and Flaminia Way. In 1444, the fortress was under Federico da Montefeltro. In order to meet the new military needs, the fortress was changed into a complex structure by Francesco di Giorgio. Nowadays, there are only the outer walls, the three towers and the keep. The fortress was destroyed in 1502 during the war against the Valentinois, and then the St. Aldebrando Church was built in the same place.

  • Frontone - The Fortress
    3534109466
    The stage includes the following destinations: Rocca di Frontone

    The Fortress is located in Frontone, just a few kilometres from Cagli. The building reminds of a vessel; the structure has changed several times over the centuries. The particular aspect is its triangular strut, which reminds of San Leo Fortress. The Fortress hosts the Collection of religious art from the Madonna del Soccorso Church.

  • Mondavio
    0721 977758
    The stage includes the following destinations: Mondavio

    Mondavio is a beautifully preserved, red-brick medieval hill town. It belongs to the association of  The most beautiful villages in Italy and boasts the Orange and Green Flag
    The imposing fortress that stands out from afar was built by Francesco di Giorgio Martini, one of Italy's most celebrated Renaissance military architects; it now houses an entertaining 'living museum' portraying life when the fortress was built at the close of the 15th century for Giovanni della Rovere, son-in-law of Duke Federico da Montefeltro
    The most remarkable monuments in the historic centre are: Palazzo dei Malatesta, the church of San Francesco, the Collegiate Church of St. Peter, Paterniano and Eleuterio, the fourteenth-century Palazzo della Comunanza and the Teatro Apollo, built in the mid-eighteenth century on the ruins of a fifteenth century church.
    Every year in mid-August you can't miss the "Caccia al Cinghiale" (Hunt to the Wild Boar); the festival commemorates the arrival of Giovanni della Rovere in Mondavio for taking possession of the Vicariate, a gift from Pope Sixtus IV on the occasion of his marriage to Giovanna, Federico da Montefeltro's daughter. It was an important event, which influenced the entire Cesano Valley in terms of economy, culture, social organization. The re-enactment begins on 13th August with a sumptuous banquet and end on 15th August with parades, games, Renaissance life experiences and fireworks from the Roveresca Fortress. 

  • Mondavio - Della Rovere Fortress
    0721.977758
    The stage includes the following destinations: Rocca Roveresca

    Commissioned at the end of the V century by Giovanni Delle Rovere with the plans by famous architect Francesco di Giorgio Martini from Siena. it is considered a master piece of renaissance military architecture. The Fortress dominates the well-preserved historic centr, Mondavio is one of the best preseved medieval villages in Marche.

  • Jesi the city of Federico II, G.B. Pergolesi and Verdicchio wine
    0731 538420 - 0731.5381
    The stage includes the following destinations: Jesi città di Federico II, di G.B. Pergolesi e del Verdicchio

    Jesi is one of the most beguiling towns in Ancona’s inland and boasts a sophisticated old centre and lively cultural life. As you arrive you must look at its most striking feature - a belt of massive 14thC walls, built on Roman foundations and later strengthened with buttresses and impregnable towers, and topped by houses.
    Piazza Federico II lies at the north-eastern end of the town where the Roman forum of Aesis once lay. Its name recalls the birth here of the fabled Medieval Hohenstaufen Emperor Frederick II in a tent on 26 December 1194. In Piazza Ghislieri is the Federico II Museum, a large multimedia museum dedicated to the emperor, documenting Federico's life and his stirring deeds. A few steps down Via Pergolesi and you will be in Piazza Colocci and in front of Jesi's most remarkable building, Palazzo della Signoria. This Renaissance palace was built at the end of the 15thC; the large rampant lion above the entrance is the symbol of the power the city once held. Piazza della Repubblica, Jesi's largest square, is dominated by the town's 18thC theatre, Teatro Pergolesi, home to a prestigious autumn opera season and named after the composer Pergolesi, who was born here in 1710.
    On Via XV Settembre stands Jesi's most flamboyant building, Palazzo Pianetti. Apart from its hundred windows, the bland facade little prepares you for the over-the-top Rococo flourishes inside. The most extravagant part is the sugar-candy stucco work in the long galleria. The over-blown decoration alone would merit a visit; the added bonus of the civic art gallery makes it obligatory as here is kept a small group of some of Lorenzo Lotto’s finest works: the Judgement of Santa Lucia, a Visitation, an Annunciation and a restless Deposition.
    To find an exhaustive selection of Marche wines you can’t miss the regional “enoteca”, in the city historical centre, where you get to know the delicious Verdicchio, a white wine proudly produced in this area.
    Among the main events, to be mentioned is the Palio of San Floriano and historical re-enactment: during the first week of May the town fully plunges into a medieval atmosphere. 

  • Jesi - Palazzo della Signoria
    0731 538345
    The stage includes the following destinations: Palazzo della Signoria

    Palazzo della Signoria of Jesi (AN) is an impressive example of civil architecture built by Francesco di Giorgio Martini, between 1486 and 1498. The Renaissance-style building has a quadrangular plan and three levels, and guelph windows. The tower and the courtyard were modified after the construction. The palace is the seat of the municipal library and Planettiana Library, donated by the Pianetti family to the Municipality in the 20th century. The library preserves more than 400 manuscripts, 138 incunabula and 2.600 sixteen-century editions, 2 globes dating back to the end of the 17th century by Vincenzo Coronelli.